Normalisasi Hubungan Uni Emirat Arab-Israel dan Dampaknya Terhadap Palestina
Abstract
Normalizing relations between the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Israel is a
new history for the Arab World-Israel connection. The normalization agreement,
the Abraham Accord, occurred in 2020 with the mediator of the President of the
United States, Donald Trump. This study aims to map the forms of normalization
of the UAE-Israel, the factors that support normalization, and their impact on
Palestine. This study uses a qualitative method by coding and analyzing online
news using various related literature. This study's results show three forms of
normalization between the UAE and Israel: diplomatic by opening embassies and
visa exemptions, tourism, and trade-economic; two factors driving normalization,
namely economic and ideological factors. The impact of normalization for
Palestine is to further weaken the solidarity of the Arab world in helping Palestine
achieve independence from Israeli occupation
Downloads
References
Ahmadi, S., & Bumi, J. A. S. (2022). Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Uni Emirat Arab –
Israel: Analisis Rasionalitas Kebijakan Politik Luar Negeri Uni Emirat Arab.
POLITEA: Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam, [online] 5(2), 258-279. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.21043/politea.v5i2.17203 [Diakses 10 Januari 2023].
Alfiyaturrohmaniyyah, S., & Subiyantoro, S. (2022). Pembingkaian Wacana Normalisasi
Hubungan Israel-Uni Emirat Arab pada Media Massa di Indonesia dan Prancis
(Discourse Framing of Israel-United Arab Emirat Relations Normalization in
Indonesia and France Mass Media). Jalabahasa, [online] 18(1), 61-79. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v18i1.833 [Diakses 10 Januari 2023].
Aljazeera. (2020). Arab normalisation with Israel in 500 words. Aljazeera, [online].
Dalam: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/11/23/the-normalisation-of-tiesbetween-israel-and-arab-countries [Diakses 26 Maret 2023].
AlMaashi, H. (2021). The Economic Implications of the Israel-UAE Normalization
Agreement in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden and the Potential Impacts on the
GCC. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, [online] 5(4), 554-570.
Dalam: https://doi.org/10.1080/25765949.2021.2021696 [Diakses 10 Januari
.
Baqi, A. M. (2022). From Foes to Friends: The Normalization of the United Emirates
Arab and Israel Relations. Insignia: Journal of International Relations, [online]
(1), 80-95. Dalam: https://doi.org/10.20884/1.ins.2022.9.1.4995 [Diakses 17
Maret 2023].
Bbc News. (2020). Israel dan UEA mencapai kesepakatan bersejarah untuk
menormalkan hubungan. BBC News, [online]. Dalam:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53770859 [Diakses 10 Februari
Christiyaningsih. (2020). Kado Pahit Palestina: Normalisasi Israel dan Lima Negara.
Republika [online]. Dalam:
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qm08u9459/kado-pahit-palestinanormalisasi-israel-dan-lima-negara [Diakses 21 Maret 2023]
CNN Indonesia. (2022). “Dubes Bicara Penderitaan Rakyat Palestina soal Hari Nakba.”
CNN Indonesia, [online]. Dalam:
https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20220513204415-120-
/dubes-bicara-penderitaan-rakyat-palestina-soal-hari-nakba [Diakses 21
Maret 2023].
Cnnindonesia. (2020). Normalisasi Arab-Israel dan Nasib Palestina. CNN Indonesia,
[online]. Dalam:
https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20200914151333-120-
/normalisasi-arab-israel-dan-nasib-palestina [Diakses 21 Maret 2023].
D., Kumaraswamy, P. R. (2020). Did normalization change anything? Relevance of
Mahatma Gandhi on India’s 1992 decision on Israel. Israel Affairs, [online] 26(6),
-784. Dalam: https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1832313 [Diakses 25
Maret 2023].
Derajat, A. Z., & Kurniawan, T. (2020). Normalisasi Hubungan Israel dan Arab dalam
Konteks Israel-Palestina. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, [online] 18(2),
–149. Dalam: https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v18i2.4451.133-149 [Diakses 25
Maret 2023].
Dewi, Theresia. (2021). Normalisasi Hubungan Uni Emirat Arab dengan Israel. [online]
IIRS Center. Dalam: https://www.blog.iirs-center.com/2021/05/30/normalisasihubungan-uni-emirat-arab-dengan-israel/ [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Dipoyudo, K. (1977). Timur Tengah dalam pergolakan. Jakarta: CSIS.
Estreicher, S. (2016). The Great Domestic Challenge for Israel: Normalization of the
Situation of Israeli Arab Citizens. SSRN Electronic Journal, [online] 16-41. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2832267 [Diakses 25 Maret 2023].
Fernandez, M. (2021). Economic Dividends of the Abraham Accords. European Journal
of Business and Management Research. [online] 6(6), 205-208. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2021.6.6.1152 [Diakses 5 Maret 2023].
Fitriani, Amelia. (2021). Dampak Normalisasi Hubungan, Palestina Ditinggal Sendiri
Hadapi Israel. RMOL, [online]. Dalam: Https://Dunia.Rmol.Id/.
https://dunia.rmol.id/read/2021/05/24/489173/dampak-normalisasi-hubunganpalestina-ditinggal-sendiri-hadapi-israel [Diakses 15 Januari 2023].
Fraioli, P., & Stevenson, G. E. (2020). The Abraham Accords: Israel–Gulf Arab. [online]
IISS. Dalam: https://www.iiss.org/publications/strategiccomments/2020/abraham-accords [Diakses 15 Februari 2023]
Friska Yolandha. (2022). Israel: Normalisasi Hubungan dengan Arab Saudi Mungkin
Dilakukan. Republika, [online] Dalam https://internasional.republika.co.id/berita/rcq5m8370/israel-normalisasihubungan-dengan-arab-saudi-mungkin-dilakukan [Diakses 5 Maret 2023].
Fulton, J., & Yellinek, R. (2021). UAE-Israel diplomatic normalization: a response to a
turbulent Middle East region. Comparative Strategy, [online] 40(5), 499-515.
Dalam: https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2021.1962200 [Diakses 5 Maret
.
Harakah Daily. (2020). Apa tujuan sebenar normalisasi dengan Israel? [online] Dalam:
https://harakahdaily.net/index.php/2020/09/26/apa-tujuan-sebenarnormalisasi-dengan-israel/ [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Hasanah, Arini Alfa. (2022). Normalisasi UAE-Israel: Ancaman yang Berbalut
Perdamaian untuk Palestina. Kumparan, [online] Dalam:
Januari 2023].
Hitman, G., & Kertcher, C. (2018). The case for Arab-Israeli normalization during
conflict. Journal for Interdisciplinary Middle Eastern Studies, [online] 2, 43-63.
Dalam: https://doi.org/10.26351/JIMES2-13 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Islamiati, W., & Rijal, S. (2022). Memahami Konflik Palestina-Israel dalam Bingkai Berita
Jurnal Studi Jurnalistik, [online] 4(2), 1-18. Dalam:
https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/65755 [Diakses 10
Februari 2023].
Kirikkaleli & Yorucu, V. (2018). Economic risk linkages between Israel and middle east
countries. Panoeconomicus, [online] 65(4), 427-440. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN150227009K [Diakses 18 Februari 2023].
Krisdiana, Elys. (2022). Normalisasi Hubungan Arab Saudi dan Israel, Akankah Palestina
Merdeka? Pikiran Rakyat, [online] Dalam: https://www.pikiranrakyat.com/kolom/pr-015278228/normalisasi-hubungan-arab-saudi-dan-israelakankah-palestina-merdeka [Diakses 25 Maret 2023].
Liokumovich, Y. B., & Akhmatshina, E. K. (2022). The Abraham Accords between Israel,
UAE and Bahrain in the context of changing of the geopolitical reality in the
Middle East. Asia and Africa Today, [online] (2), 64-68. Dalam:
https://ras.jes.su/asaf-today/s032150750016335-0-1-en [Diakses 18 Februari
.
Melkumyan, E. S. (2021). Israel in Foreign Policy of the United Arab Emirates: from
Confrontation to Normalization. MGIMO Review of International Relations,
[online] 14(2), 107–118. Dalam: https://doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2021-2-77-
-118 [Diakses 18 Februari 2023]
Muhamad, S. V. (2020). Normalization of the Arab-Israel Emirate Union Relationship
and Palestine Issues. Research Center Expertise Agency, 17(1). [Diakses 18
Februari 2023].
Nashrullah, Nashih. (2021). Israel Ingin Perluas Normalisasi Hubungan Negara Arab.
Republika, [online] Dalam: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qvjgc3320/israelingin-perluas-normalisasi-hubungan-negara-arab [Diakses 18 Februari 2023].
Nashrullah, Nashih. (2022). Normalisasi Arab Israel untuk Bantu Bebaskan Masjid AlAqsa? Faktanya Tidak. Republika, [online] Dalam:
https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rj3slh320/normalisasi-arab-israel-untukbantu-bebaskan-masjid-alaqsa-faktanya-tidak [Diakses 18 Februari 2023].
Podeh, E. (2022). The Many Faces of Normalization: Models of Arab-Israeli Relations. A
Multidisciplinary Journal on National Security, [online] 25(1). Dalam:
https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/en/articles/the-many-faces-ofnormalization-models-of-arab-israeli-relations/ [Diakses 28 Februari 2023].
Reza, Budi. (2020). UEA-Israel Menjalin Hubungan Bisnis Berlian Terbesar di Timur
Tengah. Tempo, [online]. Dalam: https://dunia.tempo.co/read/1393914/ueaisrael-menjalin-hubungan-bisnis-berlian-terbesar-di-timur-tengah [Diakses 21
Maret 2023].
Rimapradesi, Y., & Sahide, A. (2021). Kepentingan Negara-Negara Arab (Uni Emirat
Arab, Bahrain, Sudan dan Maroko) Melakukan Normalisasi Hubungan dengan
Israel. Jurnal Mandala Jurnal Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, [online] 4(1), 67–84.
Dalam: https://doi.org/10.33822/mjihi.v4i1.2673 [Diakses 18 Februari 2023].
Ruhiat, F. (2020). Klaim Sepihak Donald Trump Terhadap Kota Yerusalem Sebagai
Ibukota Israel Dalam Perspektif Konstruktivisme. Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan
Internasional, [online] 16(1), 19–30. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.26593/jihi.v16i1.3361.19-30 [Diakses 18 Februari 2023].
Rynhold, J., & Yaari, M. (2021). The quiet revolution in Saudi-Israeli relations.
Mediterranean Politics, [online] 26(2), 260-268. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.1080/13629395.2019.1699267 [Diakses 20 Februari 2023].
Sari, A. T. P. (2022). Konflik Palestina-Israel Pada Masa Intifada II dalam Perspektif
Konstruktivisme dan Strategi Politik. Jurnal ICMES, [online] 6(1), 21-34. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v6i1.120 [Diakses 28 Februari 2023].
Saudi, S. H., & Barkaa, D. W. H. (2023). Topics of Arab Normalization with Israel in the
Media: An Analytical study on Arabic RT Website. Resmilitaris, [online] 13(1),
-1313. Dalam: https://resmilitaris.net/menuscript/index.php/resmilitaris/article/view/1528/1308 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023]
Seddik, A. E. H. (2021). Geopolitics of the Arab-Israeli Normalization. Journal of Afro
Asian Studies, [online] (8). Dalam: https://democraticac.de/wpcontent/uploads/2021/02/Journal-of-Afro-Asian-Studies-Eight-issue-February2021.pdf [Diakses 25 Januari 2023].
Tahmi, A. R., Rosyidin, M., Muhammad, D., & Alfian, F. (2022). Analisis Kepentingan
Nasional Uni Emirat Arab Dalam Normalisasi Hubungan Dengan Israel. Journal of
International Relations, [online] 8(3), 325-333. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.14710/jirud.v8i3.34399 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Traub, D., Cohen, R. A., & Kertcher, C. (2023). The road to normalization: The
importance of the United Arab Emirates’ neoliberal foreign policy in the
normalization with Israel: 2004–2020. Digest of Middle East Studies, [online]
(1), 60-78. Dalam: https://doi.org/10.1111/dome.12286 [Diakses 25 Februari
.
Ulum, M. B. (2021). Pro-Kontra Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik Israel-Sudan. Jurnal
ICMES, [online] 5(1), 88-107. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v5i1.102 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Wicaksono, R. M. T. A. D. (2020). Normalisasi Hubungan Uni Emirat Arab dengan Israel:
Kepentingan Nasional Versus Solidaritas Negara Muslim terhadap Palestina.
Jurnal ICMES, [online] 4(2), 171-194. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.35748/jurnalicmes.v4i2.86 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Zvyagelskaya, I. D. (2021). The arab-israeli rapprochement: A search for new
normality? Vostok (Oriens), [online] (3), 109-120. Dalam:
https://doi.org/10.31857/S086919080015114-2 [Diakses 25 Februari 2023].
Zweiri, M. (2020). The UAE-Israel Normalisation “If you can’t convince them, confuse
them.” [online] Gulf Studies Center. Dalam:
https://qspace.qu.edu.qa/handle/10576/15890 [Diakses 25 Januari 2023]
