The Future of Turkey - United States Relations
Abstract
Throughout 2018, relations between Turkey and the United States seemed to deteriorate. The leaders of the two countries issued sharp diplomatic statements and the US even imposed economic sanctions on Turkey. This article aims to analyze how the future of relations between Turkey and the United States. Cooperation between the two has a long historical side after the Cold War. Relations between the two countries are based on various interests, both economic, political, military and security interests. The theory used in this study is the theory of national interest. The US has great interests in the Middle East and Turkey is the front-line ally in achieving those interests. However, there are many US foreign policies that ignore the Turkish concern and create tensions between the two countries. On the contrary, Turkey also has considerable economic interests, but the role of the government elite (in this case, President Erdogan) has a significant influence in the determination of Turkish foreign policy. The findings of this study, although it will go through complex challenges and processes, the US and Turkey will continue to maintain their relations.
Downloads
References
Akcakoca, A. (2009). Turkish Foreign Policy-Between East and West? Brussels: European Policy Centre.
Al Masdar News. (2018). Erdogan slams US for ‘turning back on partner’ over pastor row https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/erdogan-slams-us-for-turning-back-on-partner-over-pastor-row/ [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
ANF News. (2018). History of US military support for Turkey. [online]. Dalam: https://anfenglish.com/news/history-of-us-military-support-for-turkey-26207 [Diakses 17 Desember 2018].
Athanassopoulou, E. (2001). American-Turkish Relations Since the End of the Cold War. Middle East Policy Council. [online] 8(3). Dalam: https://www.mepc.org/journal/american-turkish-relations-end-cold-war [Diakses 17 Desember 2018].
Badrakumar, M.K. (2018). Suramnya Aliansi Amerika-Turki. [online] Dalam: http://matamatapolitik.com/analisis-suramnya-aliansi-amerika-turki/ [Diakses 16 Oktober 2018].
Barkey, H.J. (2005). Turkey and Iraq The Perils (and Prospects) of Proximity. Washington D.C.: United States Institute of Peace.
CNN. (2003). Turkey rejects U.S. troop proposal. [online]. Dalam: http://edition.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/03/01/sprj.irq.main/ [Diakses 16 Oktober 2018].
Danforth, N. (2014). A Surprising History of Turkey in America. [online] Dalam: http://foreignpolicy.com/2014/11/26/a-surprising-history-of-turkey-in-america/ [Diakses 16 Oktober 2018].
Debora, Y. (2017). Kekuatan Militer Negara Tak Hanya Soal Jumlah Senjata. [online] Dalam: https://tirto.id/kekuatan-militer-negara-tak-hanya-soal-jumlah-senjata-cxxe [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
DePetris, D.R. (2018). The Rift Between Turkey and America Was Already There. [online] Dalam: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/middle-east-watch/rift-between-turkey-and-america-was-already-there-28387 [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Gergez, F.A. (2012). Amerika dan Politik Islam: Benturan Peradaban atau Benturan Kepentingan? Jakarta: Alvabet.
Hennigan, W.J. (2018). Mengapa Trump Jatuhkan Sanksi pada Turki, Sekutu Utamanya di NATO. [online] Dalam: http://matamatapolitik.com/mengapa-trump-jatuhkan-sanksi-pada-turki-sekutu-utamanya-di-nato/ [Diakses 16 Oktober 2018].
Huntington, S. (2003). Benturan Peradaban dan Masa Depan Politik Dunia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Qalam.
Kiyono, K. (1969). A Study on the Concept of The National Interest of Hans J. Morgenthau: as The Standard of American Foreign Policy. [online] Dalam: http://naosite.lb.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/10069/27783/1/keieikeizai49_03_04.pdf [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Mahjar-Barducci, A. (2011). Turkey: Erdogan’s Ne “Secular” Islamism. [online] Dalam: http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/2456/turkey-erdogan-secular-islamism [Diakses 16 Oktober 2018].
Minderop, A. (2006). Pragmatisme Sikap Hidup dan prinsip Politik Luar Negeri Amerika. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Mughni, S.A. (1997). Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam di Turki. Jakarta: Logos Wacana Ilmu.
Reisener, M. (2018). Here's How to Save the U.S.-Turkey Alliance. [online]. Dalam: https://nationalinterest.org/feature/heres-how-save-us-turkey-alliance-31152 [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2007). Final Communique of The Ministerial Final Communique of The Ministerial Conference of The Neighboring Countries. [online] Dalam: http://www.mfa.gov.tr/3-november-2007-final-communique-of-the-ministerial-conference-of-the-neighboring-countries-of-iraq-egypt-and-bahrain-and-the-en.mfa. [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Shekhani, H. J. (2018). Turkey’s Erdogan slams US for patrolling border with SDF in north Syria. [Online] Dalam: http://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/1c009649-17e7-4142-bf3a-f19bca8726c4 [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Stratfor.com. Why Turkey and the United States Can't Get Along. [Online] Dalam: https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/why-turkey-united-states-get-along [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Subagyo, A. (2011). Teori Hubungan Internasional: Teori-teori National Interest. Cimahi: FISIP HI-UNJANI.
Taghian, S. (2011). Erdogan Muadzin Istanbul Penakluk Sekularisme Turki. Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar.
Turunc, H. 2011. Turkey's Global Strategy: Turkey and Iraq. London: The London School of Economics and Political Science.
Werz, M. dan Hoffman, M. (2015). The U.S.-Turkey Partnership: One Step Forward, Three Steps Back. [online] Dalam: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/security/reports/2015/03/12/108448/the-u-s-turkey-partnership-one-step-forward-three-steps-back/ [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
White House Archives. (2013). Fact Sheet: U.S.-Turkey Economic Partnership. [online] Dalam: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/16/fact-sheet-us-turkey-economic-partnership [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Wikipedia. [online] Dalam: http://wikipedia.org/wiki/Angkatan_Bersenjata_Turki [Diakses 16 Desember 2018].
Winardi, A. (2018). Pangkalan Militer AS di Turki, Dulu Bikin Senang Sekarang Malah Jadi Bumerang. [online] Dalam: http://intisari.grid.id/read/03919089/pangkalan-militer-as-di-turki-dulu-bikinsenang-sekarang-malah-jadi-bumerang?page=all [Diakses 17 Desember 2018].
